Two Micro Thermal Shear Stress Sensors: Surface Micromachined and Bulk-bonding Micromachined
Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 7(4),1 (Oct–Dec 2008)
Authors:Shali Shi,Liang Yi,Dapeng Chen,Yi Ou,Yupeng Jing,Tianchun Ye
Abstract.
We describe two fabricated microthermal shear stress sensors by antiadhesion surface technology and anodic bulk-bonding
technology.
Two sensors are based on thermal transfer principles with adiabatic structures. The thermal sensor element is a titanium-
platinum alloy resistor sputtered on the top of a low pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) silicon nitride diaphragm with
an adiabatic vacuum cavity underneath. The surface micromachined thermal shear stress sensor uses microbumps on the silicon
substrate in the sacrificial layer technology to prevent the silicon nitride diaphragm’s stiction to the substrate.
Microbumps formed by isotropic silicon etching in HNA (the system HF, HNO3, and HC2H3O2)are arrayed in several points on the
silicon substrate with distances of 147 um in the (200*250)-um2*1.5-um vacuum cavity. This cavity is formed by LPCVD silicon
nitride film sealing with 30-Pa vacuum degree. The anodic bulk-bonding micro-machined thermal shear stress sensor uses bulk
silicon substrate etching and anodic bonding to form the (200*250)-um2*400-um high aspect ratio cavity with 5*10-2 Pa vacuum
degree. The titanium platinum alloy resistor, (200*250)-um2*0.2 um, sputtered on the top of the 1.5-um-thick LPCVD silicon
nitride diaphragm with this bonding chamber, has a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of 0.33%/□. According to
the comparison of the adiabatic characteristics among three cases—a titanium platinum alloy resistor located over the high
aspect ratio 5*10-2 Pa vacuum cavity, over the 30-Pa vacuum cavity, and directly on top of the substrate—the first case has
the best adiabatic characteristic: the titanium platinum alloy resistor located over the 5*10-2-Pa vacuum cavity has the
maximum thermal resistance of 5362 °C/W. Besides the sensor sensitivity performances, it has a comparatively short time
constant with value of 0.1 ms under the constant current (CC)mode driving circuit. Accordingly, the bulk-bonding micro-
machined sensor is selected as the winner for output calibration with a typical sensitivity of 15.63 V/kPa under CC mode.